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Petrochemical and Fossil Fuel industries manufacture various chemicals from petroleum or natural gas. Since the raw materials in the petrochemical industry have various types, these materials may become emission of pollution when there are slight negligence in the process, equipment, pipeline transportation, storage, and transportation processes. Most importantly, these chemicals include carcinogenic and mutagenic substances which can be harmful to human health. For example, digestive organs expose to low concentrations of organic solvents for a long time can cause chronic poisoning. Thus, Petrochemical industries can cause air pollution to the environment and even harm human health seriously.
The introduction of materials or energy into the marine environment by people, whether directly or indirectly, is referred to as marine pollution. Most marine pollution is caused by humans, including nonpoint source pollution, deliberate discharge, oil spill, etc. First, nonpoint source pollution comes from random locations, the source of nonpoint pollution includes farms, vehicles, livestock ranches, discarded trash, etc. Ocean pollution occurs when runoff from rainfall, wind, and snow melt bringing wastes from land to the ocean. On the other hand, deliberate discharge, oil or chemical spill belongs to point source pollution. Factories release waste with toxic chemicals in rivers thereby polluting the ocean. The failure of oil machinery or other mistakes, oil spillage on marine areas occurs. Hence, these chemicals and resources are the main causes of ocean waste that had led to severe pollution nowadays.
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